PASSIVE VOICE

Adalah kalimat aktif yang subjek kalimatnya adalah pelaku sebuah tindakan, sedangkan kalimat pasif adalah kalimat yang subjeknya bukan pelaku suatu tindakan. Si subjek adalah si penerima akibat dari sebuah tindakan.

Contoh:

1. Aktif : Delya makan buah apel kemarin
Pasif : buah apel dimakan oleh delya kemarin

Rumus umum untuk membentuk suatu kalimat Pasif

Aktif : S + Verb 1 + Objek + dll
Pasif : Objek + to be + Verb 3 + ( by)+(subjek)+ dll

To be yang digunakan

1. Present : is, am, are
2. Past : was, were
3. Perfect : been (di depan have, has, atau had)
4. Future : be (setelah modals)
5. Continuous : being (di depan salah satu dari 7 to be di atas)

Hal-hal yang perlu diketahui dan diingat

1. Untuk menyatakan suatu kalimat dalam bentuk pasif, tenses tidak berubah. Tenses harus sama dengan kalau kita menyatakannya dalam bentuk aktif. Yang berubah hanya kata kerja-nya.

2. Kata kerja yang tidak memiliki objek (Kata Kerja Intransitif) tidak dapat diubah menjadi kalimat pasif, seperti, menangis, mendidih, terbit, dll.

Contoh-contoh kalimat aktif dan pasif

1. Bella writes a song (active)
2. A song was wrote by Bella (passive)

Bentuk-bentuk Kalimat Passive

1) Passive Imperative Sentence

Let + objek + be + V3

Eat the fried rice (active)
Let the fried rice be eaten (passive)

2) Passive Infinitive: It is/was time

It is/was time for + objek + to be + V 3

It is time to send the message (active)
It is time for the message to be sent (passive)

3) Negative Passive Imperative Sentence

Subjek + be + V 3 + not to + infinitive

(kata kerja / V3 yang sering digunakan adalah: advised, asked, begged, commanded, requested)

Don’t look at me (active)
You are advised not to look at me (passive)

4) Passive Sentence with Verbs of Perception

Subjek + be + adjectives + when + subjek + be + V3

(kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: taste, smell, feel)

This class feels hot (active)
This class is hot when it is felt (passive)

5) Passive Sentence with Certain Verbs followed by ‘that-clause’

Verb yang digunakan: point out, presume, prove, regret, report, say, think, understand accept, admit, agree, assume, believe,decide, expect, find out, intend, plan.

We said that the doctor had to get out from hospital (active)
It was said that the doctor had to get out from hospital (passive)

6) Passive Sentence with Nouns or Adjectives as Complements

Flora consider her very fat (active)
Flora is considered very fat (passive)

7) Passive Sentence with two objects

Rudi gave me a cat (active)
A cat was given to me by Rudi (passive 1)
I was given a cat by Rudi (passive 2)

8) Passive Sentence with Gerund Verbs

Pupon enjoyed teaching the cat (active)
The cat enjoyed being taught by Pupon (passive)

9) Agent consisting long expression at the end of sentence

Dalam kalimat pasif, jika pelaku terdiri dari ekspresi yang panjang maka sebaiknya subjek tersebut ditempatkan di akhir kalimat setelah by.

We were all surprised by her successed

10) Passive Sentence with unique verbs

Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: require, deserve, need

This shirt needs to be washed = This shirt needs washing